Access to toilet/change facilities Actively maintained Disabled Access

Men Women Children

Current Use: Ocean baths/office/museum/club/restaurant complex.
Condition: Good.

Early 1800s
The southern end of Bondi Beach had a natural rock pool, which had become a popular swimming hole.

1880
Waverley Council requested the building of public baths against the opposition of the Department of Public Works, which advised against building baths on the existing site, probably because Francis O'Brien of the Bondi Estate owned the frontage to the beach and so had the legal right to prevent access to the beach. Council asked the Department to reconsider its advice and implied that Council would be responsible for the baths after their construction.

1883
Bondi ratepayers petitioned Council for baths on the rock pool site and Waverley Council set aside 150 pounds for construction of baths at Bondi.

1886
At Council's request, the NSW government gave permission to Mr A. Williams, an engineer with the Harbour and Rivers Branch of the Department of Public Works, to design and supervise the construction of public baths at both the Bronte and Bondi Baths.

1887
The NSW Department of Lands gave permission for the baths. Council obtained the lease at a cost of 25 pounds a year and set aside a further 297 pounds for the project. Council adopted regulations for the conduct of the Bondi and Bronte Baths. Torrential floods in April 1887 may have increased the construction difficulties.

1888
In January, Council formally recorded its grateful appreciation for the satisfactory manner in which Mr Williams had supervised the work and for the NSW government for making his services available. In July, Council resolved to expend a further 160 pounds at the baths so they would be complete for the coming swimming season. In September, Council voted a further 158 pounds for dressing-rooms, fencing and completion of the baths. In November, the lease to manage the baths went to Mr C. Kindred, who offered five pounds per annum.

1889
Waverley Council paid for dressing-sheds at the baths and called tenders for the lease of the baths. By-law number 145 of the borough of Waverley declared 'Any person who, except in a public bath and proper bathing dress, shall bathe near to or within view of any inhabited house, reserve or place of public resort between the hours of 8 o'clock in the morning and 8 o'clock in the evening shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds nor less than five shillings'.

1892
The Bondi Amateur Swimming Club began operating at the Bondi Baths. Said to be the second oldest swimming club in Australia and one of the oldest amateur bodies in NSW.

1896
Philip Farmer leased the baths from Council for five years at 150 pounds per year.

1898/99
Membership of the swimming club grew rapidly and Council decided to extend the baths via a tender of 448 pounds awarded to Thomas Donahue. Work was completed by April.

1907
A Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club formed.

1909
The Bondi Baths Life Saving Club was represented at the first meeting of the Surf Bathing Association of New South Wales (forerunner of Surf Life Saving Australia).

1911
At a cost of around 1,300 pounds, the baths were remodelled and lengthened to 50 yards and had more change rooms added by E. E. Chambers.

1912
Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club ceased to be active. The Bondi Baths Life-saving Club required room for 50 members, as Council had withdrawn permission for the club to occupy a room at the baths, even though club members paid baths admission fees to access this room. Waverley Council considered that as there was no surf bathing at the southern end of the beach, there was no need to maintain a surf club there. The Surf Bathing Committee appointed by the NSW government thought it was desirable to maintain a surf club in a good position to rescue bathers swept southward from the centre of the beach and even suggested constructing a small diving stage on the edge of the rock near the baths to assist rescue work.

1915
The baths were lengthened to 50 yards.

1920
The Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club reformed. With more than 200 members, it was one of the largest women's clubs in Australia. Bondi hosted the Eastern Suburbs district PSAAA (Public Schools Amateur Athletics Association) swimming carnival, one of five district carnivals.

1922
Though the water quality at the baths had deteriorated and the baths were in a bad state of repair and often overcrowded, further refurbishment was considered a waste of council money. Although Council officers recommended pulling the whole structure down and erecting a modern one, lack of funds meant no action was taken.

1925
Demolition work at the baths. Council estimated 20,000 pounds was needed to construct new 330-foot by 60-foot baths but rejected an offer from Dorman Long and Co. (the firm that later built the Sydney Harbour Bridge) to construct baths on a 10% cost plus basis.

1926
Waverley Council asked architects Robertson and Marks to submit plans for baths estimated to cost 80,000 pounds that Council would borrow from the T. & G. Mutual Life Assurance Co. for 25 years. Council staff would operate the baths.

1929
Council asked architects Robertson and Marks to submit plans for baths estimated to cost 60,000 pounds, covering buildings and pool and an extension of the promenade. The founding of the Bondi Icebergs, Australia's best-known winter swimming club, as a means for local surf lifesavers to keep fit during the winter months. Originally, the group of former lifesavers called themselves the Rock Spiders and swam at the Bogey Hole near the Bondi Baths and socialised on the nearby rocks with bottles of beer and pickled onions.

Then as now, the Icebergs' membership rules required swimmers to compete in the open-air ocean pool on three winter Sundays out of four, for a period of five years.

1930
Due to the Depression, Waverley Council decided to defer new baths and reconstruct the existing baths. The new baths would have resulted in a loss of 3,236 pounds after interest and repayments, given the estimated income of 3,900 pounds and expenditure of 2,528 pounds.

Bondi Icebergs held races every Sunday morning at Bondi Baths and were still regarded as cranks, for swimming during the winter months.

1931
Work to reconstruct the baths started in April 1931 and finished in November. Improvements included two centrifugal pumps to increase the water changes and a two-storey concrete clubhouse with a caretakers apartment. The Mayor's official re-opening of the baths and a carnival of the Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club and the Bondi Amateur swimming club were held on 28 November.

1932
The baths were remodelled.

1933
During school holidays, several people got into difficulties in the surf not far from the Baths. Dudley Williams of the Bondi Surf Lifesaving Club donned the belt and swam out. Surf champion, Ivo Wyatt from the North Bondi Surf Club, saw what was happening, dived off the Bondi Baths, swam out to Williams and helped him bring them in.
 
Baths revenue of 1,096 pounds resulted from a recorded attendance of 91,987.

1934
Baths revenue of 1,212 pounds resulted from a recorded attendance of 108,535. The Bondi Icebergs club had 100 members, including many ex-footballers, cricketers, swimmers, golfers and tennis players.

1937
A total of 91,987 people attended the baths, which were routinely emptied and cleaned twice a week
The Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club had 300 members, making it the largest women's swimming club in New South Wales and perhaps in Australia. The Club focused on teaching swimming and improving the standard of swimming.

The Bondi Icebergs formed cricket and golf clubs to compete with other district clubs.

1938
The Icebergs had 150 members and record entries for its swimming races. Its arranged monthly dances for members and friends during the winter months.

1944
Attendance at the baths produced revenue of 1,383 pounds.

1953
A record attendance of 221,924 people including 127,312 children produced baths revenue of 3,225 pounds.

1954
Attendance slumped with revenue of only 1,412 pounds generated in the season ending on 24 March.

1956
Council's tender booklet stated that Council had a lease of the baths site for 28 years from January 1 1953, while the site of the dressing accommodation was controlled by Council. The baths complex included:
- a residence occupied by the Baths Manager in the 'second concrete dressing bay at top level with access to Notts Avenue',
- two brick cement-rendered pavilions towards the eastern end, comprising three concrete decks with locker rooms, shower and toilets for men,
- the women's wooden pavilion at the western end with lockers, cabins for clothes, showers and toilets,
- leases granted to various swimming clubs (Bondi Amateur Swimming Club and Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club) headquartered at the baths,
- a main pool 55 yards long and 25 yards wide,
- a children's bathing pool 22 yards by 18 yards at the western end of the baths, and
- two centrifugal pumps capable of pumping around 125,000 gallons of water per hour.

The average attendance was around 200,000 annually, with more children than adults paying to visit the baths. Some 1,000 children a week from schools in the Waverley municipality were allowed free admission to the baths on Mondays and Fridays during the summer season. Adults paid 9d for day sessions and a shilling at night, while charges for children were 3d and 6d. The baths hired out bathing costumes and towels as well as lockers and cabins.

1958
The Baths children's pool and its main pool were both popular.
The Icebergs got a new clubhouse.

1959
Icebergs had a club room located in Bondi Baths.
The Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club had 370 members.

Early 1960s
The Icebergs got a liquor licence.
The formation of a women's water-polo team known as the Bluebottles.

1969
The Bondi Amateur Swimming Club and the Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club combined and continued to promote swimming, diving, water polo, learn-to-swim programs, synchronised swimming and the Royal Life Saving awards. Before amalgamation the Bondi Ladies Amateur Swimming Club had 230 members. The amalgamated club had 576 members. A junior winter swimming club, the 'minibergs' formed.

1972
All Sydney's Eastern Suburbs swimming clubs were invited to the 80th anniversary carnival for Bondi Amateur Swimming Club.

When the prize for winning the 17th heat of the Icebergs winter swimming competition was unlimited alcohol for seven days, the winner managed to drink 297 schooners of beer and survive.

1978
The pool was repoured using the existing structure as formwork. At this stage, the Icebergs maintained the lease and Waverley Council maintained the complex.

Early 1980s
The Minibergs disbanded. The Icebergs ranged in age from about 21 to 85 and modestly believed they were 'setting the example for thousands of winter swimmers in about 30 other clubs around the country.' Apart from swimming, the Icebergs had their own cricket, tennis, handball, golf, football, jogging and table tennis clubs.

The 'Bluebottles' women's water polo team ceased to compete.

1985
A junior winter swimming club, the Bondi Icecubes, was formed to cater for sons of Icebergs and junior lifesavers. Both clubs contribute to charities such as the life-saving movement, the children's hospital and bushfire appeals.

1992
Because the Icebergs wouldn't let women swim with them, the Bondi Mermaids formed to give women the chance to join a club that swam in the winter. The club's name (which recalls the sculptures that graced Mermaid Rock at Ben Buckler on the northern side of Bondi Bay in the 1960s and 1970s) didn't stop men from applying to join the Bondi Mermaids.

1994
Waverley Council commissioned a report from the University of NSW, which concluded that 60% of the building had concrete cancer. Council wanted it completely refurbished or pulled down and replaced by a new $2 million building which would no longer be licensed premises. Shocked by the suggestion of demolition, the Icebergs claimed they could raise $300,000 for renovations. Having received legal advice 'to get out',  Council then passed the responsibility for the building and the baths to the Icebergs. The Bondi Baths Trust was formed to manage land and facilities, despite concerns about the effective privatisation of the Bondi public reserve.

1995
By a notice issued to the Minister for Land & Water Conservation on 20 December 1995, Waverley Council resigned the Office of Manager of the Bondi Baths Reserve (R100245) Trust. An officer of the Department of Land & Water Conservation was appointed to manage the affairs of the Trust. The Bondi Icebergs Club Co-op Limited managed the site of the Baths.

Under pressure from Waverley Council and the impending anti-discrimination law, the first women were admitted as members of the Icebergs. The club saw the admission of female members as one of the keys to gaining community support for its redevelopment plans.

1998
The Bondi Baths Reserve was Crown Land within which the Bondi Baths and facilities were sited and tenanted by the Bondi Icebergs Club Co-op Limited with various other amateur swimming clubs as subtenants. Officers of Waverley Council met with the Administrator and a departmental official to receive notice of a development application to be made by the Club and lodged with the Department and Council for consideration under Part 5 of the EPA Act 1979.

Radio station owner and advertising man, John Singleton, and property owner Andrew Griffith came up with a $10 million plan to rebuild most of the club, while maintaining many of its features. Their plan included a large (180-seat) restaurant, a change room and gymnasium for the Icebergs and space for six retail shops.

1999
The Icebergs celebrated their 70th birthday still with a rule that required full members to participate in swimming races for three out of every four Sundays every month between May and September for five years to become an active reserve member who can then swim often as he or she chooses.

1999
The Icebergs had about 500 swimming members who unanimously supported the Singleton scheme to redevelop the baths. Their proposed redevelopment led the Department of Conservation and Land Management to prepare a plan of management for the Bondi Baths Reserve, which included the pools and the Icebergs. That plan detailed the activities permitted in the reserve, what needed to be done to the baths and what access needed to be provided for the public.

The Bondi Baths Reserve Trust asked Waverley Council for a contribution towards the cost of construction and installation of purpose-built stairs at the north-western end of Bondi Baths for safe and efficient lifesaver access. Council granted $2,000 towards the project and noted that while the stairs were used from time to time by lifesavers at the baths to rescue swimmers in trouble, most lifesavers accessed the water from the pool (deliberately or otherwise). Three years previously, Council lifeguards had rescued swimmers in trouble in this area by taking them across the rock shelf adjacent to the pool to get to the stairs.

2000
When the pool was closed for redevelopment of the site, the Bondi Icebergs had 700 members, making it the world's largest winter swimming club.

2002
Skeet Booth and Damian Brinley exhibited a collection of photographs documenting the well-loved old Icebergs building at the Sydney's Global Gallery.

The new Bondi Icebergs pool complex opened in March 2002 was large streamlined complex, housing a restaurant, the national headquarters of Surf Life Saving Australia and a clubhouse with fabulous views. The Icebergs had 650 winter swimmers.

One winter weekend, massive swells forced the Bondi Icebergs to cancel the club's weekend meeting for only the second time in its history.

The Bondi Mermaids had around 50 members ranging in age from 10 to 75, including 15 men. As well as swimming together, they also enter a team in the annual City to Surf run.

2003
Eleven clubs from Bondi to Cronulla took part in the Southern Metropolitan winter swimming carnival at the Bondi Icebergs pool,  where for the first time, women competed in similar age-group winter swimming finals to the men.
Newspapers showed images of rugby league players training at the Bondi Baths.

2004
The Icebergs Pool featured in a QANTAS advertisement.
 

Bondi was the home, fishing and swimming place for the Cadigal people. Aboriginal rock carvings at the Bondi Golf Course, Ben Buckler Reserve and the coastal walk at Mackenzie's Point are protected by State legislation. 

1881
The NSW government acquired 25 acres fronting Bondi Beach for public recreation.

1882
Free public access to Bondi Beach was provided via the newly created Bondi Park. Bondi  then became the most accessible, crowded and popular of Sydney's Eastern Suburbs ocean beaches.

1890s
Bondi was still a sandy waste.

1901
Bathing in the sea between the hours of 9am and 8pm was prohibited by Section 77 of the Police Offences Act.

1902-3
Lifebuoys and line placed at Bondi Beach disappeared and there were complaints about half-naked bathers in the surf.

1942
Bondi was shelled from a Japanese submarine three or four miles out to sea.

1981
In February, surf pollution at Bondi was found to be 1,000 times above the acceptable level.

1990s
Extension of the Bondi Ocean outfalls system reduced surf pollution at Bondi.
 

Williams, A
National Trust of Australia (NSW)

Probably Bondi's best-loved historical site as well as being the best-known ocean baths in NSW and home of the Bondi Icebergs club, the nation's best-known winter swimming club as well as other swimming clubs, a licensed club, a restaurant and commercial office space. The Bondi Icebergs club hold the lease for the baths, which have a long and strong association with swimming and water-polo from the early days of the Bondi Amateur Swimming Club The development of this site coincided with the growth of amateur swimming, the pursuit of aquatic sports, the move to mixed bathing on beaches and baths and the use of ocean pools as training facilities for lifesavers and others.

The Icebergs pool complex is a socially significant landmark which demonstrates the evolution of simple pools on rock platforms into formalised ocean baths and elaborate pool complexes and the consequences of rising public liability costs associated with any pool structures perceived to pose safety problems.  Provides a superb benchmark for the moves away from gender-segregated bathing and water sports to mixed bathing and swimming clubs and events open to all. Also provides evidence of the increasing popularity of winter swimming with men, women and children, the distinctive traditions of winter swimming compared with the more traditional amateur swimming clubs, and the tendency for winter swimming clubs to become the most prominent advocates for ocean baths that they share with other swimming clubs.

Assessed significance: Worthy of nomination for the State Heritage Register.
Current heritage status: Listed as having local heritage significance in Waverley Council's 1996 Local Environmental Plan.
 

Related Topics Admission charges at ocean baths Bluebottles Bogey hole Cafes, coffee & restaurants Clublife Council involvement Drinking alcohol Exercise & fitness Golf Government involvement Identity & belonging Petitions & protests Water-polo Winter swimming

Studies & References National Trust listing  (see EJE Landscape Architects & Christa Ludlow. Survey of Harbourside & Ocean Pools of the Sydney Metropolitan Region. Prepared for the National Trust of Australia (NSW), 1994. Perumal Murphy Pty Limited. Waverley Heritage Study, 1990.